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Cause:
Mumps virus,
a paramyxovirus.
Illness and treatment:
Mumps causes inflammation of glandular tissue, most commonly
salivary glands (parotitis). Up to 20% of infections have no
symptoms and up to half have mild or only respiratory
symptoms. Complications include inflammation of testes (orchitis)
or ovaries (oophoritis), aseptic meningitis (rarely causing
deafness), pancreatitis, and myocarditis. The last death
from mumps in the United States was in 2002. Treatment is
supportive.
Sources:
Humans, including persons
with asymptomatic infection, are the reservoir. Transmission
is mainly through direct contact with infected droplet
nuclei or saliva.
Additional risks:
The average age of reported mumps cases has increased, with
40% of cases age 15 years and older. During 2006, a large
outbreak of mumps occurred in 9 Midwestern states with the
majority of cases seen in college-aged persons and adults in
their 20s.
Prevention:
Universal immunization prevents infection. Two doses of
mumps-containing vaccine are now recommended for school
aged-children, college students, and health care workers
born in or after 1957. Respiratory and hand hygiene can
prevent transmission.
Recent Washington trends:
Zero to 11
reports were received a year until the increased awareness
of mumps subsequent to the 2006 outbreak. 42 and 53 cases
were reported in 2006 and 2007, respectively. A change in
the national reporting criteria was made after 2007.
2008:
14 cases were reported. The
age range for reported cases was 15 months to 64 years, with
a median of 31 years. Ten cases (71.4%) were reported as
ever having received any mumps vaccine, and of these, 7
(70%) were reported as “up to date” for mumps vaccination.
Purpose of Reporting and
Surveillance
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To assess the burden of mumps in
Washington.
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To identify cases and prevent
further spread from cases by recommending appropriate
preventive measures, including exclusion.
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To educate potentially exposed
individuals about signs and symptoms of disease, thereby
facilitating early diagnosis and reducing the risk of
further transmission.
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To identify and vaccinate
susceptible individuals.
Legal Reporting Requirements
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Health care providers: notifiable to
local health jurisdiction within 3 work days.
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Hospitals: notifiable to local
health jurisdiction within 3 work days.
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Laboratories: no requirements for
reporting.
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Local health jurisdictions:
notifiable to the Washington State Department of Health
Communicable Disease Epidemiology Section within 7 days of
case investigation completion or summary information
required within 21 days.
Last
update
November 2009 |
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